Study of carpet weaving techniques by the example of making a woven toy

Abstract

The article considers the history of weaving and carpet weaving as a kind of decorative and applied art in Ukraine. The main stages of development and formation of this craft are the following: the spread of carpet weaving in Kyivan Rus in the second half of the Х-ХІІ centuries; the raise of monastic, landlord workshops of the ХVІІ-ХVІІІ centuries; the decline of hand-made carpet weaving in the late ХІХ century; the manufacture of carpets at state art and industrial enterprises of the XX century; the creativity of enthusiasts – Ukrainian masters of carpet weaving of the beginning of the XXI century.

The peculiarities of making carpets in different territories of Ukraine, their ornaments, colours and purposes in the life of Ukrainians of different times are highlighted. The types of machines for weaving different products, the features of making different products, the specifics of materials and decorations are described. The way of development of carpet weaving from individual masters to development of industrial production and the emergence of masters with author’s products at the beginning of the XXI century is highlighted.

The modern masters of tapestries and carpets of different regions of Ukraine (Mykhailo Bilas, Stepan Hanzha, Oksana Petrashchuk-Hinha, Olha Pyliuhina, Oleksandra Prenko), directions of their activity, author’s works are presented.

The author analyses the educational programs of “Labour training” in general secondary education institutions about acquaintance with weaving as a kind of decorative and applied art. It is found out that the program provides for the provision of certain information about the types of fabrics and their properties (3 and 4 grades), mastering the elements of materials science in the study of processing technologies of fibrous materials. It is noted that weaving techniques are taught to children in institutions of out-of-school education.

The article proposes the creation of a woven toy-talisman, the technology of its manufacture and illustration to the technological card based on experience of working with children in the art group “The World of Toys”