The classification of Ukrainian folk singing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32405/2308-8885-2022-1-2(103-104)-2-9Keywords:
Ukrainian folk singing, singing style, dialect, song tradition, performance, folklore, classification, criteria, style, form, Ukrainian singingAbstract
The article is devoted to the scientific substantiation of the phenomenon of “Ukrainian folk singing” and the definition of its features. The approaches to the interpretation of the meaning of “folk singing” from the point of view of musical folklore and vocal pedagogy are considered. Based on the own theoretical and practical study and analysis and generalization of scientific research, the author identifies the criteria of classification of Ukrainian folk singing. They are the place of song culture reproduction and musical education of performers, number of performers, way of performance, belonging to the purpose and epoch of reproduction of song tradition, type of sound formation and timbre of voice, use of performing techniques and means of expression.
From the standpoint of main traditional and modern forms of existence, Ukrainian folk singing is considered as domestic, stage, amateur, professional, solo and collective (small forms, groups, ensembles, choirs). The types of folk singing of Ukraine are specified in compliance with the defined criteria. According to the purpose and epoch of reproduction, Ukrainian singing is divided into syncretic-ritual (traditional) and synthetic-reproductive (artificially reproduced), as well as archived and alive. The classification of Ukrainian folk singing by the main styles according to territorial functioning is presented. The description of regional singing styles in connection with the local dialect is supplemented: the Central Ukrainian style (“steppe”), the North Ukrainian style (Volyn, Polissia), the Western Ukrainian singing: the Carpathian, Hutsul, Transcarpathian), Galitsian (Lemko, Boiko), Podillia singing, the Eastern Ukrainian singing, the South Ukrainian singing.
The variety of characteristics, special techniques and means of expression of folk singing as an acapella and with instrumental accompaniment by individual and collective aspects is specified. The works of some representatives of Ukrainian folk singing are analyzed. The essence of Ukrainian folk singing in three definite directions is substantiated as folk-authentic, folk-academic and folk-pop.
The problems and directions of development of Ukrainian folk singing in the modern professional-scenic and scientific-educational space are highlighted.
Key words: Ukrainian folk singing, singing style, dialect, song tradition, performance, folklore, classification, criteria, style, form, Ukrainian singing.
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