Development of traditional crafts in the XVII–XVIII centuries as a precondition for artistic education in Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32405/2308-8885-2019-3-8-10Keywords:
artistic education, traditional crafts, folk crafts, artistic woodworkingAbstract
The article is devoted to development of traditional crafts in XVII – XVIII centuries in the context of influence on formation of artistic education in Ukraine. The author analyses the peculiarities of development of handicrafts by the example of artistic woodworking as one of the most commonly used varieties of handicrafts. The priority directions of artistic woodworking are the following: church and liturgical objects (carved iconostases, analagion, icons, hand crosses, monstrances, candlesticks); architectural construction (sub-gallery, galleries, porches, etc.); exterior decoration (cornices, doors); interior arrangement (beds, tables, benches, chests, chairs, shelves, cabinets, cradles and other furniture); household utensils (bowls, plates, mortars, salt cellars, salad bowls, dough mixers, etc.); household goods (spinning wheel, sled, carriage, yoke, etc.); military body armour, jewellery, toys; wooden shapes for squeezing of tiles, gingerbreads, biscuits, etc. It is noted that masters of the highest category made objects on individual orders or even their own creative idea, for example: sculptural compositions, sculptures on animalistic subjects, complex church iconostases and many other things that nowadays are filled up the treasures of museum and private collections.
It is concluded that artistic education of the XVII – XVIII centuries was at the level of family education among artisans. Involving children in manufacturing was widely practiced in home-schooling. The growing number of cities-centres of cultural and economic life has led to the development of artistic crafts and handicrafts. Taking into account artistic and industrial achievements of this period, later, in the XIX century, a network of institutions of artistic education was built.
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