The development of manual skills in artistic and productive activities: From early age to primary school age
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32405/2308-8885-2019-4-25-30Keywords:
manual ability, manual skills, early age, preschool age, primary school age, artistic and productive activity, artistic and game exercises, artistic tasksAbstract
The article devoted to the problem of manual skills, types of manual skills and their development in artistic and productive activity at the stages of early age, preschool and primary school age (children 5-7 years). The definitions of the concepts of “manual skills of the child” as a set of operational and technical skills that determine its ability to successfully perform artistic and productive activities and
“manual skills” as a complex of the child’s hands-mastered actions, which leads to formation of skills, have been presented.
The means of development of manual skills – artistic and productive activity in its varieties – fine art (drawing, sculpting, and application) and artistic work have been distinguished. The conclusions about the possibility of formation a complex of manual skills, which are mutually useful for different types of artistic and productive activity, as well as the influence of developed manual skills in the visual activity on success of the child’s tasks in manual work and vice versa.
The components of manual skills required for visual activities (according to T. Komarova) have been described: drawing technique, shaping movements, sensorimotor ability. Technical skills and abilities include the correct hold of artistic tools, rational ways of using them, mastering line, stroke and spot as a means of expressiveness. With the help of shaping movements, the shape of the object is transmitted. The regulation of children’s drawing movements in speed, amplitude and power determines the sensorimotor capacity for visual activity. Manual skills are important for application, modelling and manual work.
The artistic and game exercises, artistic tasks for development of manual skills that determine success of child’s artistic and productive activity in preschool education (the content line of the Basic component of preschool education “Child in the World of Culture”) as well as in primary school (according to educational model programs of the content lines “Art” and “Technology”).
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